山西醫(yī)科大學健康管理團隊揭示空巢老人超重與焦慮的關(guān)系
我國是當今世界老年人口最多的國家,同時也是世界老齡化進程最為迅速的國家之一。根據(jù)老齡委相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),截至2017年底,我國60歲及以上老年人口數(shù)量已達2.4億,約占總?cè)丝诘?7.3%。預計到2030年,我國老年人口將超過3億,“未富先老”的老齡化難題亟需解決。提高老年人健康水平是積極應對人口老年化的重要支撐,尤其關(guān)注其心理健康已成為實現(xiàn)“積極老齡化、健康老齡化”目標必須研究和解決的重要課題之一。BMI是影響焦慮癥狀的重要因素,但目前研究多集中在青少年群體,而此種關(guān)系在老年群體中也同樣值得重點關(guān)注。
2019年4月山西醫(yī)科大學健康管理團隊在International journal of geriatric psychiatry發(fā)表題為“Are overweight people more susceptible to anxiety?”文章。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),山西省空巢老人焦慮癥狀檢出率為44.5%,其中男性為43.2%,女性為45.9%。調(diào)整人口學變量、日常飲食健康注重度、自理能力和抑郁等因素后,超重空巢老人發(fā)生焦慮的可能性是正常體重空巢老人發(fā)生的81.3%(OR=0.813,95%CIs=0.692-0.954),且體重指數(shù)與焦慮存在性別差異,僅女性超重與焦慮發(fā)生關(guān)系有統(tǒng)計學意義(OR=0.718,95%CIs=0.572-0.901)。此外,收入、受教育程度、生活自理能力和抑郁也是焦慮癥狀的重要影響因素。提示政府、媒體和相關(guān)專家超重是女性空巢老人患焦慮的保護性因素,應采取措施改變以往存在的體重偏見,切實提高空巢老人的身心健康水平和生活質(zhì)量。
Table1 Logistic regression analysis of anxiety among empty nesters in Shanxi, China
Independent variables |
Total(N = 4901) |
Male(N = 2546) |
Female(N = 2355) |
|
Region |
0.981 (0.835,1.153) |
0.909 (0.728,1.136) |
1.069 (0.842,1.357) |
|
Education (Reference = No) |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary school |
0.844 (0.711,1.003) |
0.607 (0.470,0.783)*** |
1.124 (0.886,1.426) |
|
Secondary school |
0.896 (0.733,1.095) |
0.693 (0.523,0.918)* |
1.113 (0.830,1.492) |
|
High school |
0.864 (0.659,1.133) |
0.640 (0.444,0.921)* |
1.152 (0.758,1.751) |
|
Junior college |
0.766 (0.455,1.290) |
0.450 (0.230,0.8790* |
1.530 (0.642,3.646) |
|
University or higher |
0.977 (0.603,1.583) |
0.521 (0.276,0.986)* |
2.066 (0.965,4.421) |
|
BMI (Reference = Normal) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) |
1.110 (0.897,1.374) |
1.116 (0.818,1.523) |
1.115 (0.829,1.499) |
|
Overweight (324.0) |
0.813 (0.692,0.954)* |
0.920 (0.732,1.155) |
0.718 (0.572,0.901)** |
|
Monthly income (Reference = No) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low (<1000RMB) |
1.076 (0.905,1.280) |
1.059 (0.820,1.368) |
1.089 (0.857,1.382) |
|
Middle (1000–3000RMB) |
0.906 (0.749,1.096) |
0.893 (0.679,1.172) |
0.923 (0.703,1.211) |
|
High (>3000RMB) |
0.643 (0.490,0.844)*** |
0.617 (0.432,0.880)* |
0.681 (0.431,1.074) |
|
Attention to daily nutritional health (Reference = No at all) |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
1.304 (0.875,1.945) |
1.325 (0.769,2.285) |
1.247 (0.690,2.254) |
|
Yes, somewhat |
1.311 (0.885,1.942) |
1.346 (0.786,2.306) |
1.246 (0.698,2.224) |
|
Yes, very much |
1.412 (0.929,2.146) |
1.607 (0.899,2.871) |
1.205 (0.654,2.220) |
|
Self-care ability (Reference = Unable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partial |
0.470 (0.213,1.034) |
0.286 (0.079,1.034) |
0.626 (0.223,1.757) |
|
Complete |
0.220 (0.101,0.477)*** |
0.137 (0.038,0.487)** |
0.278 (0.101,0.764)* |
|
Depression (Reference = No) |
10.955 (9.507,12.623)*** |
11.288 (9.255,13.768)*** |
10.733 (8.752,13.164)*** |
|
Constant |
0.785 |
1.665 |
0.498 |
|
R2 |
0.389 |
0.406 |
0.379 |
|
Table2 The association between anxiety and BMI stratified by age among empty nesters
Independent variables |
Total(N = 4901) |
60~(N = 2440) |
70~(N = 1910) |
80~(N = 551) |
BMI(Reference = Normal) |
|
|
|
|
Underweight (<18.5) |
1.111(0.898,1.375) |
1.123(0.807,1.562) |
1.231(0.879,1.724) |
0.964(0.563,1.650) |
Overweight (≥24.0) |
0.807(0.687,0.948)** |
0.823(0.659,1.028) |
0.710(0.541,0.930)* |
1.039(0.622,1.737) |
山西醫(yī)科大學健康團隊負責人張持晨為文章的第一及通訊作者,山西醫(yī)科大學管理學院碩士研究生李咪咪為文章第二作者。該研究得到國家自然科學基金、山西省高等學校人文社會科學重點研究基地項目、山西省留學回國人員科技活動擇優(yōu)資助項目、山西省回國留學人員科研資助項目和山西省軟科學研究計劃項目的資助。